The sponsor section now reflects the active partners only, with
clickable referral copy and local logo assets so GitHub renders the
same layout in both Chinese and English READMEs.
Constraint: Chinese and English README sponsor sections must stay synchronized
Rejected: Keep LegionProxy as a lower-priority sponsor | user requested removing it
Confidence: high
Scope-risk: narrow
Tested: git diff --cached --check
Not-tested: GitHub rendered README preview