diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 828c8cee..e4c8f5c1 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -74,3 +74,7 @@ runtime/__pycache__
 
 # Codex logs
 .codex-logs/
+
+# Local AI assistant artifacts (graph, notes)
+CLAUDE.md
+graphify-out/
diff --git a/desktop/src/components/chat/ChatInput.tsx b/desktop/src/components/chat/ChatInput.tsx
index 024a5c6e..d3996d38 100644
--- a/desktop/src/components/chat/ChatInput.tsx
+++ b/desktop/src/components/chat/ChatInput.tsx
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import { FileSearchMenu, type FileSearchMenuHandle } from './FileSearchMenu'
 import { LocalSlashCommandPanel, type LocalSlashCommandName } from './LocalSlashCommandPanel'
 import { ContextUsageIndicator } from './ContextUsageIndicator'
 import {
-  FALLBACK_SLASH_COMMANDS,
+  getLocalizedFallbackCommands,
   filterSlashCommands,
   findSlashTrigger,
   mergeSlashCommands,
@@ -400,8 +400,8 @@ export function ChatInput({ variant = 'default', compact = false }: ChatInputPro
   }, [fileSearchOpen])
 
   const allSlashCommands = useMemo(
-    () => mergeSlashCommands(slashCommands, FALLBACK_SLASH_COMMANDS),
-    [slashCommands],
+    () => mergeSlashCommands(slashCommands, getLocalizedFallbackCommands(t)),
+    [slashCommands, t],
   )
 
   const filteredCommands = useMemo(() => {
diff --git a/desktop/src/components/chat/composerUtils.test.ts b/desktop/src/components/chat/composerUtils.test.ts
index 9a1ad7e4..32c3a057 100644
--- a/desktop/src/components/chat/composerUtils.test.ts
+++ b/desktop/src/components/chat/composerUtils.test.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
 import {
   filterSlashCommands,
   findSlashToken,
+  getLocalizedFallbackCommands,
   insertSlashTrigger,
   mergeSlashCommands,
   replaceSlashCommand,
@@ -50,14 +51,30 @@ describe('composerUtils', () => {
     )
   })
 
-  it('keeps server-provided descriptions when they exist', () => {
+  it('keeps server-provided descriptions for non-built-in commands', () => {
     expect(
       mergeSlashCommands([
-        { name: 'clear', description: 'Server description' },
+        { name: 'team:lark', description: 'Team-provided description' },
       ]),
     ).toEqual(
       expect.arrayContaining([
-        { name: 'clear', description: 'Server description' },
+        { name: 'team:lark', description: 'Team-provided description' },
+      ]),
+    )
+  })
+
+  it('prefers the localized fallback description for built-in commands', () => {
+    // For commands the desktop owns the copy for (e.g. /clear, /compact, /help),
+    // the localized description must win over whatever the CLI broadcasts so the
+    // i18n keys actually take effect at runtime.
+    expect(
+      mergeSlashCommands(
+        [{ name: 'clear', description: 'CLI English description' }],
+        [{ name: 'clear', description: 'Localized description' }],
+      ),
+    ).toEqual(
+      expect.arrayContaining([
+        { name: 'clear', description: 'Localized description' },
       ]),
     )
   })
@@ -127,4 +144,38 @@ describe('composerUtils', () => {
     expect(resolveSlashUiAction('context')).toEqual({ type: 'panel', command: 'context' })
     expect(resolveSlashUiAction('status')).toEqual({ type: 'panel', command: 'status' })
   })
+
+  it('falls back to the static English description when a translation key is missing', () => {
+    // Simulate an i18n t() function that returns the raw key for missing entries
+    // (this is what the real translate() does via zh[key] ?? en[key] ?? key).
+    const mockT = (key: string) => key
+
+    const commands = getLocalizedFallbackCommands(mockT)
+    const clearCmd = commands.find((c) => c.name === 'clear')
+    expect(clearCmd?.description).toBe('Clear conversation history')
+    expect(clearCmd?.description).not.toBe('slashCmd.clear.description')
+
+    // Verify every command renders a human-readable description, never a raw key
+    for (const cmd of commands) {
+      expect(cmd.description).not.toMatch(/^slashCmd\./)
+    }
+  })
+
+  it('uses the localized description when the translation key resolves to a real string', () => {
+    const mockT = (key: string) => {
+      const map: Record<string, string> = {
+        'slashCmd.clear.description': '清空会话历史',
+      }
+      return map[key] ?? key
+    }
+
+    const commands = getLocalizedFallbackCommands(mockT)
+    const clearCmd = commands.find((c) => c.name === 'clear')
+    expect(clearCmd?.description).toBe('清空会话历史')
+
+    // A command without a translated key should still fall back to English
+    const mcpCmd = commands.find((c) => c.name === 'mcp')
+    expect(mcpCmd?.description).toBe('Open available MCP tools for the current chat context')
+    expect(mcpCmd?.description).not.toBe('slashCmd.mcp.description')
+  })
 })
diff --git a/desktop/src/components/chat/composerUtils.ts b/desktop/src/components/chat/composerUtils.ts
index 884903d9..517474cc 100644
--- a/desktop/src/components/chat/composerUtils.ts
+++ b/desktop/src/components/chat/composerUtils.ts
@@ -1,34 +1,70 @@
 import type { SettingsTab } from '../../stores/uiStore'
+import type { TranslationKey } from '../../i18n'
+
+/** Map from slash command name to its i18n description key */
+const SLASH_CMD_DESCRIPTION_KEYS: Record<string, TranslationKey> = {
+  mcp: 'slashCmd.mcp.description',
+  skills: 'slashCmd.skills.description',
+  help: 'slashCmd.help.description',
+  status: 'slashCmd.status.description',
+  cost: 'slashCmd.cost.description',
+  context: 'slashCmd.context.description',
+  plugin: 'slashCmd.plugin.description',
+  memory: 'slashCmd.memory.description',
+  doctor: 'slashCmd.doctor.description',
+  compact: 'slashCmd.compact.description',
+  clear: 'slashCmd.clear.description',
+  goal: 'slashCmd.goal.description',
+  review: 'slashCmd.review.description',
+  commit: 'slashCmd.commit.description',
+  pr: 'slashCmd.pr.description',
+  init: 'slashCmd.init.description',
+  bug: 'slashCmd.bug.description',
+  config: 'slashCmd.config.description',
+  login: 'slashCmd.login.description',
+  logout: 'slashCmd.logout.description',
+  model: 'slashCmd.model.description',
+  permissions: 'slashCmd.permissions.description',
+  'terminal-setup': 'slashCmd.terminal-setup.description',
+  vim: 'slashCmd.vim.description',
+}
+
+/** Names of commands the desktop owns the description for (i.e. localized in our locales). */
+const BUILT_IN_COMMAND_NAMES = new Set(Object.keys(SLASH_CMD_DESCRIPTION_KEYS))
 
 export const PANEL_SLASH_COMMANDS = [
-  { name: 'mcp', description: 'Open available MCP tools for the current chat context' },
-  { name: 'skills', description: 'Browse user-invocable skills for the current chat context' },
-  { name: 'help', description: 'Show available desktop and agent commands' },
-  { name: 'status', description: 'Show session status, usage, and context' },
-  { name: 'cost', description: 'Show session usage and costs' },
-  { name: 'context', description: 'Show current context usage' },
+  { name: 'mcp' },
+  { name: 'skills' },
+  { name: 'help' },
+  { name: 'status' },
+  { name: 'cost' },
+  { name: 'context' },
 ] as const
 
 export const SETTINGS_SLASH_COMMANDS = [
-  { name: 'plugin', description: 'Open desktop plugin controls in Settings', tab: 'plugins' as const },
-  { name: 'memory', description: 'Open project memory files in Settings', tab: 'memory' as const },
-  { name: 'doctor', description: 'Open Doctor in Diagnostics', tab: 'diagnostics' as const },
+  { name: 'plugin', tab: 'plugins' as const },
+  { name: 'memory', tab: 'memory' as const },
+  { name: 'doctor', tab: 'diagnostics' as const },
 ] as const
 
 export const SLASH_COMMAND_ALIASES = [
   { name: 'plugins', target: 'plugin' },
 ] as const
 
-export const FALLBACK_SLASH_COMMANDS = [
-  ...PANEL_SLASH_COMMANDS,
-  ...SETTINGS_SLASH_COMMANDS.map(({ name, description }) => ({ name, description })),
+/** Static fallback with English descriptions (for non-React contexts) */
+export const FALLBACK_SLASH_COMMANDS: SlashCommandOption[] = [
+  { name: 'mcp', description: 'Open available MCP tools for the current chat context' },
+  { name: 'skills', description: 'Browse user-invocable skills for the current chat context' },
+  { name: 'help', description: 'Show available desktop and agent commands' },
+  { name: 'status', description: 'Show session status, usage, and context' },
+  { name: 'cost', description: 'Show session usage and costs' },
+  { name: 'context', description: 'Show current context usage' },
+  { name: 'plugin', description: 'Open desktop plugin controls in Settings' },
+  { name: 'memory', description: 'Open project memory files in Settings' },
+  { name: 'doctor', description: 'Open Doctor in Diagnostics' },
   { name: 'compact', description: 'Compact conversation context' },
   { name: 'clear', description: 'Clear conversation history' },
-  {
-    name: 'goal',
-    description: 'Set a completion goal',
-    argumentHint: '[<condition> | clear]',
-  },
+  { name: 'goal', description: 'Set a completion goal', argumentHint: '[<condition> | clear]' },
   { name: 'review', description: 'Review code changes' },
   { name: 'commit', description: 'Create a git commit' },
   { name: 'pr', description: 'Create a pull request' },
@@ -43,6 +79,36 @@ export const FALLBACK_SLASH_COMMANDS = [
   { name: 'vim', description: 'Toggle vim editing mode' },
 ]
 
+/** Build localized fallback commands using the current locale.
+ *
+ * Resolution order for each command's description:
+ *   1. Localized string from the i18n table (zh -> en) when a key is registered.
+ *   2. The static English description shipped in FALLBACK_SLASH_COMMANDS.
+ *
+ * This guarantees we never render a raw key (e.g. "slashCmd.foo.description")
+ * in the UI even if a command is missing from SLASH_CMD_DESCRIPTION_KEYS or
+ * its translation entry is absent.
+ */
+export function getLocalizedFallbackCommands(t: (key: TranslationKey) => string): SlashCommandOption[] {
+  return FALLBACK_SLASH_COMMANDS.map((cmd) => {
+    const key = SLASH_CMD_DESCRIPTION_KEYS[cmd.name]
+    let description = cmd.description
+    if (key) {
+      const translated = t(key)
+      // i18n returns the key itself when no translation is found; fall back to
+      // the static English description in that case.
+      if (translated && translated !== key) {
+        description = translated
+      }
+    }
+    return {
+      name: cmd.name,
+      description,
+      ...(cmd.argumentHint && { argumentHint: cmd.argumentHint }),
+    }
+  })
+}
+
 export type SlashCommandOption = {
   name: string
   description: string
@@ -78,30 +144,34 @@ export function mergeSlashCommands(
   preferred: ReadonlyArray<SlashCommandOption>,
   fallback: ReadonlyArray<SlashCommandOption> = FALLBACK_SLASH_COMMANDS,
 ): SlashCommandOption[] {
+  const fallbackByName = new Map<string, SlashCommandOption>()
+  for (const command of fallback) {
+    if (command?.name) fallbackByName.set(command.name, command)
+  }
+
   const merged = new Map<string, SlashCommandOption>()
 
   for (const command of preferred) {
     if (!command?.name) continue
+    const localized = fallbackByName.get(command.name)
+    // For commands the desktop owns the copy for, prefer the localized fallback
+    // description so users see translated text instead of the CLI's English.
+    const useLocalDescription =
+      BUILT_IN_COMMAND_NAMES.has(command.name) && Boolean(localized?.description)
+    const description = useLocalDescription
+      ? localized!.description
+      : command.description?.trim() || localized?.description || ''
+    const argumentHint = command.argumentHint?.trim() || localized?.argumentHint
     merged.set(command.name, {
       name: command.name,
-      description: command.description?.trim() || '',
-      ...(command.argumentHint?.trim() && { argumentHint: command.argumentHint.trim() }),
+      description,
+      ...(argumentHint && { argumentHint }),
     })
   }
 
   for (const command of fallback) {
     if (!command?.name) continue
-    const existing = merged.get(command.name)
-    if (existing) {
-      if ((!existing.description && command.description) || (!existing.argumentHint && command.argumentHint)) {
-        merged.set(command.name, {
-          ...existing,
-          description: existing.description || command.description,
-          argumentHint: existing.argumentHint || command.argumentHint,
-        })
-      }
-      continue
-    }
+    if (merged.has(command.name)) continue
     merged.set(command.name, command)
   }
 
diff --git a/desktop/src/i18n/locales/en.ts b/desktop/src/i18n/locales/en.ts
index f9556700..2e97a4dc 100644
--- a/desktop/src/i18n/locales/en.ts
+++ b/desktop/src/i18n/locales/en.ts
@@ -1576,6 +1576,32 @@ export const en = {
   'tabs.closeConfirmTitle': 'Session Running',
   'tabs.closeConfirmMessage': 'This session is still running. What would you like to do?',
   'tabs.closeConfirmKeep': 'Keep Running',
+  // ─── Slash Command Descriptions ──────────────────────────────────────
+  'slashCmd.mcp.description': 'Open available MCP tools for the current chat context',
+  'slashCmd.skills.description': 'Browse user-invocable skills for the current chat context',
+  'slashCmd.help.description': 'Show available desktop and agent commands',
+  'slashCmd.status.description': 'Show session status, usage, and context',
+  'slashCmd.cost.description': 'Show session usage and costs',
+  'slashCmd.context.description': 'Show current context usage',
+  'slashCmd.plugin.description': 'Open desktop plugin controls in Settings',
+  'slashCmd.memory.description': 'Open project memory files in Settings',
+  'slashCmd.doctor.description': 'Open Doctor in Diagnostics',
+  'slashCmd.compact.description': 'Compact conversation context',
+  'slashCmd.clear.description': 'Clear conversation history',
+  'slashCmd.goal.description': 'Set a completion goal',
+  'slashCmd.review.description': 'Review code changes',
+  'slashCmd.commit.description': 'Create a git commit',
+  'slashCmd.pr.description': 'Create a pull request',
+  'slashCmd.init.description': 'Initialize project CLAUDE.md',
+  'slashCmd.bug.description': 'Report a bug',
+  'slashCmd.config.description': 'Open configuration',
+  'slashCmd.login.description': 'Switch Anthropic accounts',
+  'slashCmd.logout.description': 'Sign out of current account',
+  'slashCmd.model.description': 'Switch AI model',
+  'slashCmd.permissions.description': 'View or manage tool permissions',
+  'slashCmd.terminal-setup.description': 'Set up terminal integration',
+  'slashCmd.vim.description': 'Toggle vim editing mode',
+
   'tabs.closeConfirmStop': 'Stop & Close',
   'tabs.closeAllConfirmTitle': 'Sessions Running',
   'tabs.closeAllConfirmMessage': '{count} sessions are still running. Stop them before closing these tabs?',
diff --git a/desktop/src/i18n/locales/zh.ts b/desktop/src/i18n/locales/zh.ts
index a843cf1e..05a4ee33 100644
--- a/desktop/src/i18n/locales/zh.ts
+++ b/desktop/src/i18n/locales/zh.ts
@@ -1580,6 +1580,32 @@ export const zh: Record<TranslationKey, string> = {
   'tabs.closeConfirmKeep': '保持运行',
   'tabs.closeConfirmStop': '停止并关闭',
   'tabs.closeAllConfirmTitle': '多个会话运行中',
+  // ─── Slash Command Descriptions ──────────────────────────────────────
+  'slashCmd.mcp.description': '打开当前聊天上下文中可用的 MCP 工具',
+  'slashCmd.skills.description': '浏览当前上下文中可直接调用的技能',
+  'slashCmd.help.description': '查看可用的桌面端与 Agent 命令',
+  'slashCmd.status.description': '查看会话状态、用量和上下文',
+  'slashCmd.cost.description': '查看会话用量和费用',
+  'slashCmd.context.description': '查看当前上下文用量',
+  'slashCmd.plugin.description': '在设置中打开插件管理',
+  'slashCmd.memory.description': '在设置中打开项目记忆文件',
+  'slashCmd.doctor.description': '在诊断中打开 Doctor',
+  'slashCmd.compact.description': '压缩会话上下文',
+  'slashCmd.clear.description': '清空会话历史',
+  'slashCmd.goal.description': '设定完成目标',
+  'slashCmd.review.description': '审查代码变更',
+  'slashCmd.commit.description': '创建 git 提交',
+  'slashCmd.pr.description': '创建 Pull Request',
+  'slashCmd.init.description': '初始化项目 CLAUDE.md',
+  'slashCmd.bug.description': '报告 Bug',
+  'slashCmd.config.description': '打开配置',
+  'slashCmd.login.description': '切换 Anthropic 账户',
+  'slashCmd.logout.description': '登出当前账户',
+  'slashCmd.model.description': '切换 AI 模型',
+  'slashCmd.permissions.description': '查看或管理工具权限',
+  'slashCmd.terminal-setup.description': '设置终端集成',
+  'slashCmd.vim.description': '切换 vim 编辑模式',
+
   'tabs.closeAllConfirmMessage': '仍有 {count} 个会话正在运行。关闭这些标签前是否停止它们？',
   'tabs.closeAllConfirmStop': '全部停止并关闭',
   'tabs.sessionRunning': '会话运行中',
diff --git a/desktop/src/pages/EmptySession.tsx b/desktop/src/pages/EmptySession.tsx
index 82469abb..ee57aa14 100644
--- a/desktop/src/pages/EmptySession.tsx
+++ b/desktop/src/pages/EmptySession.tsx
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ import {
 } from '../lib/composerAttachments'
 import { useComposerFileDrop } from '../components/chat/useComposerFileDrop'
 import {
-  FALLBACK_SLASH_COMMANDS,
+  getLocalizedFallbackCommands,
   filterSlashCommands,
   findSlashToken,
   insertSlashTrigger,
@@ -207,8 +207,8 @@ export function EmptySession() {
   }, [workDir, lastPluginReloadSummary])
 
   const allSlashCommands = useMemo(
-    () => mergeSlashCommands(slashCommands, FALLBACK_SLASH_COMMANDS),
-    [slashCommands],
+    () => mergeSlashCommands(slashCommands, getLocalizedFallbackCommands(t)),
+    [slashCommands, t],
   )
 
   const handleWorkDirChange = (newWorkDir: string) => {